Coasts belong to countries, but the marine live doesn't . To sufficiently govern and protect the large marine water-bodies around Europe regional coordination has been established by international conventions. Four secretariats providing service for the contracting parties of the four conventions.
The most experienced is HELCOM-Secretariat in Helsinki (FIN) established already in 1974.
To achieve the good environmental status (GES) of all four water-bodies according to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive of the European Union all conventions are seen as important tools to implement actions plans developed by regional consultation and agreed on on high level governing bodies like the annual ministerial meeting by HELCOM contracting parties.