Environmental distribution

The contamination of sediment and seawater in the immediate environment of Munitions in the Sea is undisputed. However, whether there is a threat of large-scale environmental pollution is the subject of research. To do this, many possibilities for the distribution of relevant chemical compounds in the ecosystem must be understood. The importance of the distribution ofA particles, solutions and metabolized munitions ingredients are the subject of research. Initial results indicate a risk potential.

Biomonitoring

To learn about the contribution and the relevance of certain species to the distribution of munition compounds in marine ecosystems is the target under this headline.

Sediment contamination

Numerous studies have shown evidence of both explosive chemical and chemical warfare agent release from munition dumpsites. Relevant concentrations of explosives remaining after blast-in-place operations.

Transport contamination

Oceanographic modelling helps identify and prioritize pollutant sources for remediation to reduce the primary inputs. TNT release by dissolution matches reasonably well with field data, and work is ongoing to extend it to other munition-related chemicals.

Chemical exposure

Biological effects of munition compounds in biota.

Bioaccumulation

Effects of biological concentration, accumulation and magnification of munition compounds along the marine food chain appearing relevant.

Foodweb

Distribution of munition compounds in the marine food web and effects on the sustainability of the biological production of the seas.

White phosphorous